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duci
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 Posted - 08/07/2005 : 08:48:48
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Dupa http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~konkkola/atk/ohjelmat_unix/dislin/dislin/gcl_appa.html
Appendix A: Intrinsic Functions
This appendix is a summary of the DISGCL intrinsic functions.
A.1 Mathematical Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| ABS (x) | absolute value |x|. |
| | |
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| ACOS (x) | cos(x)^-1 in the range [0, pi], |
| | -1 <= x <= 1. |
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| ASIN (x) | sin(x)^-1 in the range [0, pi], |
| | -1 <= x <= 1. |
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| ATAN (x) | tan(x)^-1 in the range [-pi/2, pi/2]. |
| | |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| ATAN2(y,x)| tan(y/x)^-1 in the range [-pi, pi]. |
| | |
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| CEIL (x) | smallest integer not less than x, as a |
| | double. |
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| COS (x) | cosine of x. |
| | |
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| COSH (x) | hyperbolic cosine of x. |
| | |
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| EXP (x) | exponential function e^x |
| | |
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| FLOOR (x) | largest integer not greater than x, as a |
| | double. |
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| FMOD(x,y) | floatingpoint remainder o fx/y, with the |
| | sign as x. FMOD returns zero if y is zero.|
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| LOG (x) | natural logarithm ln(x), x > 0. |
| | |
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| LOG10 (x) | base 10 logarithm, x > 0. |
| | |
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| SIN (x) | sine of x. |
| | |
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| SINH (x) | hyperbolic sine of x. |
| | |
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| SQRT (x) | square root of x, x >= 0. |
| | |
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| TAN (x) | tangent of x. |
| | |
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| TANH (x) | hyperbolic tangent of x. |
| | |
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Figure A.1: Mathematical Functions
Note:
Normally, the parameter x in a mathematical function can be a scalar or an array expression, and may be real or complex. If x is a scalar expression, the returned value of a mathematical function has the type DOUBLE or COMPLEX. If x is an array expression of types FLOAT, DOUBLE or COMPLEX, the returned value is also a FLOAT, DOUBLE or COMPLEX array. If x is an array expression of type INT, the returned value is a FLOAT array.
A.2 Type Conversion Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| ATONUM (s) | converts a string to a number. |
| | |
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| BYTE (x) | converts x to BYTE. |
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| CHAR (n) | converts x to CHAR. |
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| COMPLEX (x,y) | converts to COMPLEX. x is converted to the |
| | real, y is converted to the imaginary part.|
--------------------------------------------------------------
| DOUBLE (x) | converts x to DOUBLE. |
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| FLOAT (x) | converts x to FLOAT. If x is a complex |
| | number, FLOAT returns the real part of x. |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| INT (x) | converts x to INT. |
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| NUMTOA (x, | converts a number to a string where ndig |
| ndig) | is the number of decimal places after the |
| | decimal point. |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| SHORT (x) | converts x to SHORT. |
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| STRING (x) | converts x to STRING. |
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.2: Type Conversion Functions
A.3 Complex Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
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| ARG (z) | returns the phase of z in radians. |
| | |
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| CONJG (z) | returns the conjugate of the complex |
| | value z. |
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| IMAG (z) | returns the imaginary part of z. |
| | |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.3: Complex Functions
A.4 Array Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| CATARR (a, b) | concatenates two arrays. |
| | |
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| MAXARR (a) | returns the maximum of an array a. |
| | |
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| MINARR (a) | returns the minimum of an array a. |
| | |
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| SUBARR (a, i1, | creates a subarry from the array a. |
| n) | i1 is the first index, n the number |
| | of elements of a. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| SUBMAT (a, idx) | creates a submatrix from certain col- |
| | umns of the two-dimensional array a. |
| | idx is an integer array containing |
| | column numbers in the range 0 to n-1 |
| | where n is the number of columns in a.|
-----------------------------------------------------------
| TRPMAT (a) | exchanges rows and columns of a |
| | matrix a. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.4: Array Functions
A.5 Variable and Parameter Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| ARGCNT () | returns the total number of parameters |
| | passed to a user-defined subroutine or |
| | function. |
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| KEYCNT () | returns the number of keyword parameters |
| | passed to a user-defined subroutine or |
| | function. |
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| VARCNT (v) | returns the number of elements of a vari- |
| | able v, or -1 if v is not defined. |
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| VARDEF (v) | returns 1 if the variable v is defined, |
| | and 0 if v is not defined. |
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| VARDIM (v, | returns the n-th dimension of a variable v.|
| n) | If the dimension is not defined, VARDIM |
| | returns zero. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| VARTYP (v) | returns the data type of the variable v, |
| | or the string 'UNDEF' if v is not defined. |
| | The returned type can have the value |
| | 'BYTE', 'INT', 'FLOAT' or 'DOUBLE'. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.5: Variable and Parameter Functions
A.6 Data File Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATBLK (n) | defines the current data block. It |
| | returnes -1 if the data block n is |
| | not defined. |
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| DATCNT (copt) | returns the number of data in the |
| | current data block. copt can have the |
| | values 'ROWS', 'COLUMNS', 'FULL' and |
| | 'BLOCKS'. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATFIL (s) | defines the data file. It returns -1 |
| | if it fails. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATHDR () | prints the header of the current data |
| | file on the screen. DATHDR returns -1 |
| | if it fails. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATMAT () | returns an array containing the whole |
| | current data block. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATRAY (ncolumn)| returns an array containing a column |
| | of the current data block. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATVAR (cname) | returns the value of a variable de- |
| | fined in the header of a data file. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.6: Data File Functions
A.7 Memory Allocating Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DALLOC (n) | creates a double array and initializes |
| | it with {0., 1., ....., n-1.}. |
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| FALLOC (n) | creates a floatingpoint array and initi- |
| | alizes it with {0., 1., ....., n-1.}. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| IALLOC (n) | creates an integer array and initializes |
| | it with {0, 1, ....., n-1}. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.7: Memory Allocating Functions
A.8 String Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| STRLEN (s) | returns the length of a string. |
| | |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| STRLWR (s) | returns a string converted to lowercase |
| | letters. |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| STRREP (s, n)| retuns n copies of the string s. |
| | |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| STRSTR | returns the first occurence of string s2 |
| (s1, s2) | in string s1, or -1 if not present. |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| STRUPR (s) | returns a string converted to uppercase |
| | letters. |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| SUBSTR (s, | returns a substring of s where i1 is the |
| i1, n) | starting index and n the number of charac- |
| | ters of s. |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| TRMLEN (s) | returns the length of a string without |
| | trailing blanks. |
-------------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.8: String Functions
A.9 File Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
------------------------------------------------------------
| FCLOSE (nu) | close the file with the unit nu. |
| | It returns -1 on error. |
------------------------------------------------------------
| FFLUSH (nu) | flushes any output buffers. |
| | |
------------------------------------------------------------
| FOPEN (cfil, | opens a file and returns a file unit, |
| cmode) | or -1 if the open fails. |
------------------------------------------------------------
| FSEEK (nu, | sets the current file position. |
| npos) | It returns -1 on error. |
------------------------------------------------------------
| FTELL (nu) | returns the current file position, |
| | or -1 on error. |
------------------------------------------------------------
| REMOVE (cfil) | deletes a file. It returns -1 if the |
| | attempt fails. |
------------------------------------------------------------
| RENAME (cold, | changes the name of a file. It returns |
| cnew) | -1 if the attempt fails. |
------------------------------------------------------------
| REWIND (nu) | rewinds the file with the unit nu. |
| | It returns -1 if any erros occured. |
------------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.9: File Functions
A.10 Input and Output Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FGETC (nu) | returns the next character from a file. |
| | FGETC returns -1 if end of file or error |
| | occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FGETS (cbuf, | reads at most n-1 characters into the ar- |
| n, nu) | ray cbuf, stopping if a newline is encoun- |
| | tered; The newline is not included in the |
| | array. FGETS returns -1 if end of file or |
| | error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FPRINTF (nu, | writes formatted output to a file connec- |
| s, vlist) | ted to the unit nu. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FPUTC (i, nu) | writes the character with the ASCII value |
| | i to a file. FPUTC returns 0 if success- |
| | full or -1 if an error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FPUTS (cbuf, | writes the string cbuf to a file. |
| nu) | A newline is included in the file after |
| | cbuf. FPUTS returns -1 if an error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FREAD (a, n, | reads from a file n elements into the ar- |
| nu) | ray a. FREAD returns the number of ele- |
| | ments read, or -1 if an error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| FSCANF (nu, s, | reads formatted input from a file connec- |
| vlist) | ted to the unit nu. |
------------------------------------------- -------------------
| FWRITE (a, n, | writes from the array a n elements to the |
| nu) | file with the unit nu. FWRITE returns the |
| | number of elements written, or -1 if an |
| | error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| GETS (cbuf, n) | reads at most n-1 characters from the con- |
| | sole into the array cbuf, stopping if a |
| | return is given. |
| | GETS returns -1 if an error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| PUTS (cbuf) | prints the string cbuf on the screen. |
| | A newline is printed after the string. |
| | PUTS returns -1 if an error occurs. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| PRINTF (s , | writes formatted output to the terminal. |
| vlist) | |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| SCANF (s, | reads formatted input from the console. |
| vlist) | |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| SPRINTF (cr, | writes formatted output to a character |
| s, vlist) | array. |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| SSCANF (s1, | reads formatted input from a string. |
| s2, vlist) | |
---------------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.10: Input/Output Functions
A.11 System Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| GETENV (cenv) | returns the environment string associa- |
| | ted with cenv, or blank if no string |
| | exists. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| SYSTEM (cmd) | executes the system command cmd where |
| | cmd is a character variable. SYSTEM |
| | returns -1 if it fails. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.11: System Functions
A.12 Time Functions
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| Function | Meaning |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| CLOCK () | returns the processor time in seconds used |
| | by the GCL session since the last call of |
| | CLOCK. At the first time, CLOCK returns 0. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| DATE () | returns a string containing the date in the |
| | format dd.mm.yy |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| TIME () | returns a string containing the time in the |
| | format hh:mm:ss. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
Figure A.12: Time Functions
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Prof.Dr. D. Ciurchea
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Functii C
